The Last Nomads in Morocco
Nomadism, a historical lifestyle, persists in some countries but has faded in others. In Morocco, nomads continue ancient traditions, moving with their herds across regions in search of suitable pastures and weather. These communities primarily reside in the Atlas Mountains, practicing transhumance and maintaining a sense of freedom. However, due to drought and modernization, their numbers are dwindling. For example, the Ait Atta tribe, once 500 families strong, now counts only about 50 remaining nomadic families. Some have become semi-nomadic, living in tents or caves, while others have settled in valleys and villages, pursuing agriculture and other occupations.
The Amazigh nomads, over 90% of whom are Muslim, observe religious practices while preserving their distinct culture and language.
Nomadic Life in Morocco
Nomads traditionally move within designated tribal lands, seeking better pastures seasonally. Most live in the Atlas Mountains in goat-hair tents. For instance, the Ait Atta tribe migrates between Jbel Saghro and the High Atlas, a journey taking over 15 days. Nomads also inhabit the Sahara, living in harmony with its harsh environment. Some live in caves in regions like Boutghrar, Dades Valley, and Todgha Gorges.
Daily life for nomads is challenging, often dictated by necessity rather than choice. They rely on weekly souk markets for supplies, traveling by mule or local transport. Nomadic attire includes the Jellaba and, in Saharan regions, the Draia, influenced by the Tuareg nomads.
Role of Women
Women in nomadic societies are integral, managing both domestic and external tasks. They are artisans, creating henna designs, carpets, blankets, and tents. Tattoos, a traditional art form, are becoming rare among younger generations. Women usually stay within tribal territories for safety, while men travel to markets.
Education and Modern Challenges
Education often necessitates a lifestyle change for nomadic children. Schools are typically distant, prompting some families to settle in villages. Efforts to establish tent schools face challenges due to the nomadic lifestyle and dwindling family numbers.
Tourism and Nomadic Life
Tourism has connected nomads to the broader world, providing opportunities in mountain and desert trekking. Companies like Adrar Travel offer cultural experiences, such as homestays and transhumance journeys, helping nomads sustain their lifestyle and improve their living conditions.